What is data communication? Identify and describe the five components of a data communications system with figure. (Hint. Sender, Receiver, Message, Medium and Protocol).

 

Data communication is the exchange of data (in the form of bits or digital signals) between two or more devices. These devices might include computers, servers, or any network-enabled system, and the data can be in various forms like text, voice, video, or multimedia. The process of data communication is essential for connecting systems and sharing information in a network.

The five main components of a data communication system are:

1. Sender: 

   The sender is the device or system that initiates the communication process by sending the data. It could be a computer, phone, or any other digital device capable of generating and transmitting data. 

2. Receiver:

   The receiver is the device or system that gets the data from the sender. It could be a server, computer, printer, or any other digital device that is intended to receive the message.

3. Message:

   The message refers to the data being communicated between the sender and receiver. This could be in the form of text, audio, video, images, or any other digital content.

4. Transmission Medium (Channel):

   The transmission medium is the physical or logical pathway through which the message travels from the sender to the receiver. Examples include cables (like coaxial or fiber optics), wireless connections (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth), or even satellite communication.

5. Protocol:

   The protocol is a set of rules that governs how the data is transmitted, received, and interpreted between the sender and receiver. Common protocols include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), HTTP, and FTP. These rules ensure that the data is transferred accurately and efficiently.

Figure Representation

The basic layout of a data communication system can be visually represented as:

```

Sender ----(Message)----> Transmission Medium ----> Receiver

                      ↑                       ↑

                   Protocol               Protocol

```

This figure illustrates the communication between the sender and receiver via a transmission medium, with both ends following the rules of a protocol.

Each component plays a critical role in ensuring successful data transmission.